Noam Chomsky: Philosophies of Language & Politics

LWL - living while Latino. 'Do I look 'illegal'?'

A major social question in California, which has more people than any other U.S. state, as well as the largest number of Latinos. More than a third of the population is Latino and a quarter of the country's 10.8 million undocumented are in California. Many work in restaurants, agriculture and construction -- after crossing the Arizona desert, the busiest corridor for undocumented entry to the United States.

"It doesn't matter that they speak English. It has to do with the color of their skin.

Immigrants come here to enrich their lives and, in turn, enrich our country. Antonio Villaraigosa. Mayor of the City of Los Angeles

Why Undocumented Migrants Have a Right to Work in the US

Undocumented migrants have a right to work here because they deserve economic reparations for failed U.S. economic policies and disastrous military interventions.

Why? Why do so many Mexicans, Salvadorans and Guatemalans enter the U.S. by the most dangerous and expensive route possible? Just imagine yourself in their shoes: You leave your family and neighborhood to make a dangerous trip, including a difficult trek for three nights across barren deserts, pay as much as $7,000 person to put yourself in the hands of an unofficial guide of questionable character. On the way, you are prey to exploitation, robbery and especially if you are a woman, to rape. Then you arrive to live in crowded apartments, hopefully with some family members or people you know, but under constant fear of arrest and deportation. If you’re lucky, you get the brass ring you’ve been reaching for: casual work cleaning homes, gardening or working odd jobs in construction for $8 to $10 an hour. If you’re unlucky, you might stand on street corners for hours waiting without work, vulnerable to the temptations of drugs and alcohol to numb despair.

Undocumented workers are economic refugees fleeing from broken economic systems.

“NAFTA has supported a low-wage development model, and with Mexico’s implementation, you haven’t seen integrated development.”

Boycotting Arizona’s Racism

It creates a second-class status for primarily Latinos and people of color in the state of Arizona where close to 30 percent of the population identifies itself as Latino.

Arizona: It Gets Worse

Arizona's purging of brown-skinned residents continues apace with two new moves: It has decided to remove any teachers whose spoken English is heavily accented or ungrammatical - almost half the teachers in some school districts are native Spanish speakers - and to curb a popular ethnic studies program in Tucson by banning any courses advocating ethnic solidarity or designed primarily for one ethnic group. Racist much?

Sueño Imposible - Paloma San Basilio

Nat King Cole Boulevard Of Broken Dreams

Boulevard of Broken Dreams

En los pasados cinco años, los migrantes mexicanos han enviado casi 110 mil millones de dólares, cantidad superior en más de 12 mil millones de dólares al total de la deuda externa del país.

La importancia que tienen las remesas para México, llegando a equipararse con la captación por ingresos petroleros, siendo superiores a la inversión extranjera directa y al turismo, como fuentes tradicionales lícitas de ingresos provenientes del exterior. Del total de remesas captadas por América Latina, Mexico recibió más del 35 por ciento de las mismas.

The Open Veins of Climate Change

Against a system of power founded on war and on waste, which scorns human life and auctions our worldly goods. The hypocrisy of the rich countries, which is leaving us without a planet while it delivers pompous discourses to conceal the hijacking.

World People's Conference on Climate Change

Bolivian people, no matter how sustainably they choose to live, have no power to save their glaciers. Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate. The actions causing the melting are taking place not in Bolivia but on the highways and in the industrial zones of heavily industrialized countries. When Bolivia and Ecuador refused to rubber-stamp the accord, the US government cut their climate aid by $3 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

Ni putas ni sumisas

Ni putas ni sumisas es el nombre, voluntaria-

mente provocador, de un movimiento valiente y com-

prometido con la causa de las mujeres, organizado

por un grupo de chicas de las barriadas obreras de

Francia.

El objetivo del movimiento es denunciar todas las

formas de violencia y discriminación hacia las muje-

res, que se están produciendo de manera brutal en

los barrios pobres de Francia, donde se vive una

situación de agresión permanente al derecho funda-

mental que posee cada ser humano, hombre y mujer,

de vivir en igualdad, y de ser respetada su dignidad

de persona.

¿Velo de sumisión o de rebeldía?

Muchas jóvenes musulmanas ven el 'hiyab' como forma de autoafirmarse - Otras quieren prohibirlo por ser un signo de discriminación

El movimiento feminista Ni Putas Ni Sumisas, que integra a musulmanas en Francia, promovió la aprobación, en 2005, de la ley que vetó en las escuelas públicas cruces cristianas, velos islámicos y kipás judías. Su presidenta, Sihem Habchi, explicó que, tras el enorme debate social que hubo entonces, hoy se aplica la norma sin ningún problema. Las alumnas salen de casa con el hiyab, se lo quitan a las puertas del colegio y se lo vuelven a colocar a la salida. Habchi es partidaria de aprobar una ley así en España porque, sostiene, el hiyab es un símbolo de discriminación porque sólo las mujeres tienen que ocultar su pelo. A los musulmanes piadosos les basta con dejarse barba. Habchi y sus colegas pelean ahora a favor de la ley del burka en Francia, que vetaría en todos los espacios públicos la vestimenta islámica que cubre toda la cara.

Female Genital Cutting

Where is FGC practiced?

The practice of FGC is a cultural tradition performed across central Africa, in the southern Sahara, and in parts of the Middle East. Most women who have experienced FGC live in one of the 28 countries in Africa and the Middle East where FGC is practiced. Almost one-half of women who have experienced FGC live in Egypt or Ethiopia. (In Egypt, 2008 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) information notes that female genital cutting rates are declining.)

To a lesser degree, FGC is practiced in Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and India. Some immigrants practice various forms of FGC in other parts of the world, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, and in European nations.

Is FGC part of a religion?

Although many people believe that FGC is associated with Islam, it is not. FGC is not supported by any religion and is condemned by many religious leaders. The practice crosses religious barriers. Muslims, Christians, and Jews have been known to support FGC on their girls.

No religious text requires or even supports cutting female genitals. In fact, Islamic Shari'a protects children and protects their rights. From a Christian perspective, FGC has no religious grounds either. In fact, research shows that the relationship between religion and FGC is inconsistent at best.

However, even though religious texts don’t support FGC, some people still think the two are linked and claim religious teachings support FGC.

In six of the countries where FGC is practiced — Ethiopia, Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, Senegal, Benin, and Ghana — Muslim population groups are more likely to practice FGC than Christian groups. In Nigeria, Tanzania, and Niger, though, the prevalence is greater among Christian groups.

Islamic Veils Face Ban in Belgium; Human Rights Group Call Law a 'Lose-Lose'
Belgium to outlaw burqas and niqabs in public but human rights campaigners say ban violates religious freedom

El significado y el origen del 'hiyab'?

Bolivia Climate Summit

Bolivia is losing its glaciers and suffering mass drought due to climate change. Bolivia’s lead climate negotiator Angélica Navarro calls on the developed world to pay a climate debt to poor nations suffering from impact of climate change.

Midlife hormonal upheaval & the fine print

Taking hormones, in the long run, is more likely to hurt women than help.

Millions of women were using hormones partly because aggressive marketing had for three decades insisted that hormone replacement was the ticket to a vigorous and sexually satisfactory postmenopausal life.

Power and privilege

Calls for diversity and inclusiveness from people with privilege (such as a white man with a professional job living in the United States) are meaningful only when we are willing to address the systems and structures of power in which inequality and discrimination are rooted.

How we could move forward on any question of injustice without holding those responsible for the injustice accountable, which means holding ourselves accountable.

Cinco niñas más con 'hiyab' en el colegio de Pozuelo

El padre de la niña expulsada de clase pide explicaciones al centro.- El Consejo Escolar del instituto se reúne esta tarde para revisar su reglamento interno.

Los gestos de solidaridad con Najwa Malha, de 16 años, la menor excluida de clase en el Instituto Camilo José Cela del municipio madrileño de Pozuelo de Alarcón por llevar pañuelo islámico, van en aumento. Si ayer eran tres las alumnas que se presentaron en el centro con hiyab en apoyo a la postura de la menor, hoy dos más que se han sumado a la causa de Naywa, a la que se apartó de las clases la semana pasada por llevar esta prenda. Najwa, española de origen marroquí y que cursa 4º de ESO, pasó más de una semana en la sala de visitas del instituto.

Noam Chomsky -U.S.’s greatest intellectual

Noam Chomsky dismisses the two-party system as a mirage orchestrated by the corporate state, excoriates the liberal intelligentsia for being fops and courtiers and describes the drivel of the commercial media as a form of “brainwashing.”

The liberal elite in the press, the universities and the political system serve as a smoke screen for the cruelty of unchecked capitalism and imperial war. Chomsky exposes their moral and intellectual posturing as a fraud.

The liberal intellectuals, the ones who portray themselves and perceive themselves as challenging power, as courageous, as standing up for truth and justice. They are basically the guardians of the faith. They set the limits. They tell us how far we can go.

If you pursue truth and justice it will always mean a diminution of power and privilege. If you pursue power and privilege it will always be at the expense of truth and justice.

“I try to encourage people to think for themselves, to question standard assumptions,” Chomsky said when asked about his goals.

Is Marriage Good for Your Health?

Wall Street banks are the new American oligarchy

"I sincerely believe... that banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies." -Thomas Jefferson (1816).

When enormous private wealth goes unchecked, regular folks get hurt -- badly. That's what happened in 2008 when the monied interests led us up the garden path to the great collapse. -Bill Moyers

How could you make so much money and not know the score?

You were either pulling the levers or asleep at the switch."

Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase, Merrill Lynch

Corruption, cynicism and greed on a scale that would make the Roman Emperor Caligula cringe.

Subprime loans that executives knew were rotten, were packaged as mortgage securities and pawned them off on unsuspecting investors. Loan officers were paid by the number of mortgages they sold, and ran up the numbers by lying to customers and falsifying data so they could make bigger bucks and win trips to Maui and the Caribbean. At one Washington Mutual office in Montebello, California, 83 percent of the housing loans contained bogus information.

The New York Times reported that Lehman secretly controlled a company called Hudson Castle. Critics say it was used by Lehman Brother to borrow money and to hide bad investments in commercial real estate and subprime mortgages.

Many bankers continued to game the system after the collapse -- still paying themselves exorbitant salaries and bonuses while hitting everyday people with usurious same day paycheck loans, credit card fees and other charges -- and refusing to help small and medium-sized businesses that could be creating employment.

The banking industry and corporate America are fighting against proposed financial reform with all the money and influence at their disposal, attempting to preserve a system that would enable them to ransack the country once again.

The financial services industry has hired more than 125 former members of Congress and congressional staffers from both parties to help them fight off accountability.

"the nation's ten richest hedge fund managers have dumped nearly one million dollars into campaign accounts over the past several years... consumer advocates and critics from other financial sectors say hedge funds would get off pretty easily"

Banning the Niqab, and the Fight for Women’s “Freedom”

In Muslim Tunisia the niqab is forbidden, and Muslim Turkey bans niqabi women from schools or public service jobs.

The World People’s Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth

In Defense of Pachamama

Eric Hobsbawm: fundamentalismo neoliberal

¿Cree que hay alguna parte del mundo donde todavía existan o parezca posible que revivan proyectos positivos, progresistas?

En América Latina, ciertamente, la política y el discurso público general todavía se desarrollan en los términos —liberales, socialistas, comunistas— de la vieja Ilustración. Ésos son los lugares donde encuentras militaristas que hablan como socialistas, que son socialistas. Encuentras un fenómeno como Lula, basado en un movimiento de la clase obrera, y encuentras a Morales. Adónde conduce todo esto es otra cuestión, pero todavía se puede hablar el viejo lenguaje y todavía están disponibles las viejas formas de la política.

Noam Chomsky in support of UC Berkeley divest

Alice Walker on “Overcoming Speechlessness: A Poet Encounters the Horror in Rwanda, Eastern Congo and Palestine/Israel”

Judith Butler on Israeli military policy and aggression

Judith Butler, Jewish faculty member at UC Berkeley, on the advisory board of Jewish Voice for Peace, on the US executive committee of Faculty for Israeli-Palestinian Peace, a global organization, a member of the Russell Tribunal on Human Rights in Palestine, and a board member of the Freedom Theatre in Jenin. She is working on a book which considers Jewish criticisms of state violence, Jewish views of co-habitation, and the importance of 'remembrance' in both Jewish and Palestinian philosophic and poetic traditions.

A Sign of Empire Pathology

More US military personnel have taken their OWN lives than have died in action

The environmental impact of the Big Mac

The energy cost of the 550 million Big Macs sold in the United States every year is $297 million, producing a greenhouse gas footprint of 2.66 billion pound of CO2 equivalent.

In addition to the carbon in the footprint, we might want to add the broader environmental impact in terms of water use and soil degradation, together with the hidden health costs of treating diet-related illness such as diabetes and heart disease. While none of these costs are reflected in the drive-thru price of a Big Mac, they still have to be paid by someone.

It's just that they are paid not by the McDonald's Corporation but by society, as a whole, when we pay the costs of environmental disasters, climate-change-related migration and higher health care costs.

According to a report by the Centre for Science and the Environment in India, a burger grown from beef raised on clear-cut forest should really cost about two hundred dollars. That particular number may seem exorbitant but when examined on a grand scale the full costs of a four-dollar Big Mac may be higher because, in addition to not paying their externalized costs, corporations often get a range of subsidies. Consumers in the United States are paying for cheap hamburgers directly through their tax dollars.

The meat in McDonald's hamburgers is fattened on corn, the most highly subsidized crop in the United States. A report from Tufts University claims that the American beef industry saves some $562 million a year, on average, by fatting cattle on subsidized corn. Total subsidies to corn topped $4.6 billion in 2006.

Raj Patel. The Value of Nothing. How to Reshape Market Society and Redefine Democracy. 2009.

Rawi Hage. Lebanon. Montreal.

Documentos desclasificados de la Revolución Cultural

Las persecuciones a los intelectuales, las denuncias entre miembros de la misma familia, los desplazamientos forzados de millones de personas, las torturas, los suicidios, la quema de libros, la destrucción de templos y obras de arte, el caos económico o la violencia política, que causaron entre varios cientos de miles y tres millones de muertos, según las fuentes.

El adoctrinamiento de los intelectuales enviados al campo, la politización de la economía, la letra de las canciones revolucionarias o los guardias rojos (grupos de estudiantes y universitarios organizados en unidades paramilitares para combatir a los revisionistas y a quienes no eran lo suficientemente revolucionarios).

Who Am I – And If So, How Many? -Richard David Precht

La ilusión lingüística

La falta de repercusión pública de la filosofía universitaria.

"¿Quién soy yo y en tal caso cuántos?". (En caso de que sea alguien)

¿Qué puede uno saber, sobre todo de sí mismo?

Quién soy yo, qué es el yo, los sentimientos, memoria, la verdad...

¿Qué hacer, cómo obrar, por qué son los seres humanos capaces de obrar moralmente, en qué medida la bondad o maldad se corresponde con la naturaleza humana?

Cuestiones sobre el aborto y la eutanasia, la genética y la medicina reproductiva, la ética ambiental y animal...

¿Qué puedo esperar respecto a cuestiones tan centrales como evanescentes como la felicidad, libertad, amor, Dios o el sentido de la vida?

Nine Myths about Socialism in the US

“Everyone is entitled to their own opinions. But everyone is not entitled to their own facts.” -US senator Patrick Moynihan.

Socialism for the Rich! Capitalism for the Rest!

Le hérisson

Three characters and no story. And yet, the film leaves a deep mark on the viewer. No car chases, no explosions, no convoluted plot twists. And yet it is captivating. Simply because the characters of "Le hérisson" are interesting and full of humanity and seeing them connect with each other is an experience rich enough to spare a strong plot.

The three characters concerned by "Le hérisson" are very different from each other ( Renée Michel is an unattractive slovenly cantankerous fifty-four-year-old caretaker; Paloma Josse is an extremely gifted but suicidal eleven-year-old little girl and Kakuro Ozu is a distinguished seventy-year- old Japanese widower). But they have two points in common: they live in the same residential house and, mostly, the three of them are eccentric. Not outlandish or extravagant, simply not like everybody else. Renée, although she tries to fit in with the image of the traditional caretaker (middle-aged, unsexy and grumpy), has a secret (that I won't reveal here, sorry) and is a much better person than what she looks like; Paloma is a very intelligent little girl, advanced for her age, who sees the world with more acuteness than most adults, which leads her to want to take her own life. As for Mr. Ozu, the mere fact that he is Japanese makes him conspicuous by definition. And what is wonderful is that when these three "outcasts" get into contact they start doing good to each other, and to the viewer as well.

This is young director Mona Achache's first feature film and it is amazing how well-crafted it is (smooth editing, fine cinematography, excellent art work). And above all it does justice to the novel adapted (Muriel Barbery's best-selling 'L'élégance du hérisson') by capturing the special blend of gravity and lightness that makes it so distinctive. Mona Achache also had the genius (I really do not think the word too strong) to find the three ideal actors for the leading roles. Josiane Balasko is perfect as Renée, ugly outside but beautiful inside. Togo Igawa is a dream Mr. Ozu; he is Japanese to the core, genuinely has class and really exudes sympathy. As for the little girl, wow! Garance Le Guillermic IS a discovery! I had seen her once without noticing her particularly (as one of the kids in 'Je déteste les enfants des autres') but, here, she is downright outstanding. It must not have been easy for her to play a child too mature, too intelligent, too critical for her age, hiding her insecurities behind her aggressiveness but the young actress lives up to the ordeal. This trio had to be perfect. If a single one of these three actors had been unconvincing, the film would have failed mercilessly.

Tomas Eloy Martinez: El hombre que inventaba mundos reales

Entrevista con Santiago Gamboa

París es una escuela militar en donde uno aprende la vida a las patadas. Aprende la dureza, la frialdad, la inhumanidad. En París, en medio de esa crueldad, uno pierde, como dice el poeta, los últimos ángeles de la infancia

Once-Banned Muslim Scholar Tariq Ramadan on His First Visit to US in Six Years, President Obama and Why Muslims Should Make Their Voices Heard

In the World of Facebook

A surrogate home for the self; a trip to a kind of virtual agora, where, along with amusedly studying passersby, you can take a stroll through the ghost town of acquaintanceships past, looking up every person who's crossed your path and whose name you can remember; and finally, a chance to remove the digital barrier and reveal yourself to the unsuspecting subjects of your gaze by, as we have learned to put it with the Internet's peculiar eagerness for deforming our language, "friending" them, i.e., requesting that you be connected online in some way.

Amartya Sen: The Search For Justice

Josiah Henson (June 15, 1789 – May 5, 1883) was an author, abolitionist, and minister. Born into slavery in Charles County, Maryland, he escaped to Ontario, Canada in 1830, and founded a settlement and laborer's school for other fugitive slaves at Dawn, near Dresden in Kent County. At the time of his arrival, Ontario was known as the Province of Upper Canada (U.C.), becoming the Province of Canada in 1841, then Ontario in 1867, all within Henson's lifetime there. Henson's autobiography, The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself (1849), is widely believed to have inspired the title character of Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852). Following the success of Stowe's novel, Henson issued an expanded version of his life story in 1858, Truth Stranger Than Fiction. Father Henson's Story of His Own Life (published Boston: John P. Jewett & Company, 1858). Interest in his life continued, and nearly two decades later, his life story was updated and published as Uncle Tom's Story of His Life: An Autobiography of the Rev. Josiah Henson(1876).

Restitución de antigüedades a sus países de origen

Egipto pide la vuelta de Nefertiti

Jorge Volpi. El insomnio de Bolivar

MaRTIN TANAKA

Volpi y el Perú

Artículo publicado en La República, domingo 4 de abril de 2010

Recomiendo la lectura del sugerente y provocador libro del escritor mexicano Jorge Volpi, El insomnio de Bolívar. Cuatro consideraciones intempestivas sobre América Latina en el siglo XXI(Buenos Aires, Debate, 2009). El autor plantea en él una mirada paralela entre la política y los escritores latinoamericanos. Así, de un lado, nuestros países habrían dejando atrás su larga historia de dictadores sanguinarios y revolucionarios románticos y, mal que bien, se habrían convertido en las últimas décadas en países democráticos más “normales”; del otro, los escritores latinoamericanos nacidos después de 1960 habrían dejado atrás el paradigma del realismo mágico y el ideal del escritor comprometido, cada quien escribiría según intereses muy particulares y personales, con lo cual no podría hablarse de una “literatura latinoamericana”.

Esto no significa que nuestras democracias funcionen bien: tenemos enormes problemas sociales, una desigualdad escandalosa en la distribución de la riqueza, que facilitan la irrupción de caudillismos y nuevos discursos fundacionales, aunque para Volpi no serían más que una “resurrección de los muertos vivientes”. De otro lado, no es que los escritores recientes hayan abandonado del todo temas políticos o sociales; precisamente en esta categoría aparecen mencionados varios autores peruanos: Santiago Roncagliolo, Daniel Alarcón, Iván Thays. Sin embargo, sus miradas serían “pospolíticas”, “postideológicas”, desencantadas.

¿Es el análisis de Volpi pertinente para nosotros? Más todavía, ¿se puede extender su análisis al conjunto de intelectuales y creadores? En las ciencias sociales podríamos decir que a la “generación de 1968” de la que hablaba Alberto Flores Galindo, marcada por la influencia del marxismo (tanto en términos teóricos como en el mandato del compromiso político), le sucedería una “generación” que no es una generación propiamente dicha, en tanto no se reconocería en referentes comunes o alguna tarea colectiva o misión histórica. Por lo que estaría marcada es por un compromiso con la solvencia y calidad profesional de su trabajo, con una identificación con el país, pero sin un mandato de militancia. ¿Podríamos entender mejor el trabajo de las nuevas hornadas de politólogos, sociólogos, historiadores, desde estos parámetros? ¿Y qué decir de los creadores? En general parece primar una suerte de fidelidad a una visión personal desde estándares globales, al margen de consideraciones ideológicas: ¿se puede leer así el cine de Claudia Llosa o Josué Méndez?

Si esta línea de exploración está razonablemente encaminada, ¿qué ventajas y desventajas tendrían las formas de trabajo más recientes? Se puede haber ganado en competencia profesional, pero la pérdida de referentes colectivos puede llevar a una menor relevancia en cuanto a la selección de temas y asuntos de preocupación, y al riesgo de una suerte de subjetivismo narcicista. Da para discutirlo mucho más.

La FIFA excluyó a la selección femenina de fútbol de Irán por usar velo

Bélgica prohibiría el uso del burka

Race vs. Class: The Future of Affirmative Action

Michael Eric Dyson: Can You Hear Me Now?

The Conquest of America. Todorov

To move beyond diversity

when you multitask, everything gets done a little worse.

Let me just speak of my own experience as a writer. I work on a networked computer, and I have it on a word-processing program, and I'm writing and I'm thinking, and I have my interviews all around. And I'm trying to make a hard point, and it's hard, and I hit my e-mail, and I do a little e-mail. You know, 20 minutes passes; a half hour passes; 10 minutes passes. And I've lost my thought. And I go back to the writing. And once again, when it's hard, I hit Safari and I'm Googling somebody; I'm checking if my books are selling on Amazon.

I'm doing every little thing to break up the difficult. And in my interviewing I find that I am not alone, that the pull to do a lot of things when something is hard is a kind of universal seduction. And it does not make for better writing.

how to make a sustained, complicated argument on a hard, cultural, historical, psychological point.

Strange Fruit

by Billie Holiday

Ellen DeGeneres

the only grown-up in the room.

42 years ago, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated -- gunned down in Memphis, Tennessee.

Red Bull

RED BULL te da alas..... para morir La bebida RED BULL, de venta en los supermercados, es de venta libre, cualquiera puede consumirla ... y puede ser mortal. RED BULL fue creado para estimular el cerebro en personas sometidas a un gran esfuerzo físico y nunca para ser consumido como una bebida inocente o refrescante. RED BULL se comercializa con el slogan: 'Aumenta la resistencia física, agiliza la capacidad de concentración y la velocidad de reacción, brinda mas energía y mejora el estado de animo'. Todo eso se puede encontrar en una latita de RED BULL, la bebida energizante del milenio. RED BULL ha logrado llegar a casi 100 países en el mundo. La marca del Toro Rojo tiene como principales consumidores a jóvenes y deportistas, dos segmentos atractivos que han sido cautivados por el estimulo que produce la bebida. HISTORIA: La bebida fue creada por Dietrich Mateschitz, un empresario de origen austriaco, quien la descubrió en un viaje de negocios a Hong Kong, cuando trabajaba para una empresa fabricante de cepillos de dientes. El liquido -basado en una formula que contiene cafeína y taurina- causaba furor en ese país; entonces pensó en el rotundo éxito que esta bebida tendría en Europa, donde todavía no existía este producto, además de ver una oportunidad de convertirse en empresario. PERO LA VERDAD DE ESTA BEBIDA ES OTRA! En Francia y Dinamarca la acaban de prohibir por ser un coctel de la muerte, debido a sus componentes de vitaminas mezcladas con GLUCURONOLACTONE. GLUCURONOLACTONE es un químico altamente peligroso , desarrollado por el Departamento de Defensa de los Estados Unidos en los año 60 para estimular la moral de las tropas acantonadas en VIETNAM, el cual actuaba como una droga alucinógena que calmaba el estrés de la guerra pero sus efectos en el organismo fueron tan devastadores, y fue descontinuada ante el alto índice de casos de migrañas, tumores cerebrales y enfermedades del hígado que mostraron los soldados que la consumieron. Y a pesar de ello, en la lata de RED BULL se lee en sus componentes: GLUCURONALACTONE, catalogado medicamente como un estimulante. Pero lo que NO DICE la lata de RED BULL , son las consecuencias de su consumo, que obligan a colocar una serie de ADVERTENCIAS: 1. Es peligroso tomarlo si después no haces ejercicio físico, ya que su función energizarte acelera el ritmo cardiaco y te puede ocasionar un INFARTO FULMINANTE. 2. Corres el peligro de sufrir una HEMORRAGIA CEREBRAL , debido a que el RED BULL contiene componentes que diluyen la sangre para que al corazón le cueste menos bombearla y así poder hacer un esfuerzo físico con menos agotamiento. 3. Esta prohibido mezclar el RED BULL con alcohol, porque la mezcla convierte la bebida en una BOMBA MORTAL que ATACA DIRECTAMENTE el hígado, provocando que la zona afectada no se regenere mas. 4. Uno de los componentes principales del RED BULL es la vitamina B12, utilizada en medicina para recuperar a pacientes que se encuentran en coma etílico (coma producido por consumo de alcohol). Es por ello que al tomarlo se produce la hipertensión y un estado de excitabilidad, como si estuvieras borracho sin haber tomado bebidas alcohólicas. 5. El Consumo regular de RED BULL desencadena la aparición de una serie de enfermedades nerviosas y neuronales irreversibles (no hay recuperación). Es una bebida que debería prohibirse. Venezuela, Republica Dominicana, Puerto Rico y otros países del Caribe están alertando a otras naciones, ya que la mezcla de esta bebida con alcohol crea una bomba de tiempo para el cuerpo humano, principalmente entre los adolescentes y adultos ignorantes por su poca experiencia. Red Bull se vende en supermercados y puede ser MORTAL. ES UN TEMA DE SALUD PUBLICA!