Friday, June 21, 2013
The Struggle Against Dogmatism: Wittgenstein and the Concept of Philosophy
Oskari Kuusela - Marie McGinn
One of the most perplexing, and to some irritating, aspects of Wittgenstein's later philosophy is his apparent insistence that he is not putting forward philosophical theses, or making any claim with which others could possibly disagree or which it is possible to dispute. It can be hard to see how this can be understood as anything other than an attempt by Wittgenstein to privilege his own conceptions of meaning or of psychological phenomena, or as a claim to the absolute and indisputable correctness of his observations on rules, understanding, sensations, the propositions of mathematics, and so on. The idea that Wittgenstein's later philosophy is in some way implicitly dogmatic has been encouraged by interpretations, such as the one developed in great detail by Peter Hacker and Gordon Baker in their commentary on the Philosophical Investigations, which hold that Wittgenstein does not put forward theses insofar as he is merely describing the rules for the use of expressions; his remarks are held to be indisputable insofar as anyone who understands the relevant expressions must agree to Wittgenstein's descriptions, and recognize that any deviation from them inevitably results in nonsense. On this conception of it, the kind of conceptual investigation that Wittgenstein is engaged in results in the articulation of the grammatical rules implicit in our use of expressions, and provides a base from which unanswerable criticisms of the use that philosophers make of the expressions of our language can be mounted. Wittgenstein's idea that his aim is to make philosophical problems 'completely disappear' is, on this interpretation, taken to be equivalent to an intention to show that they one and all depend upon a demonstrably deviant, and therefore nonsensical, employment of words.
One of the most perplexing, and to some irritating, aspects of Wittgenstein's later philosophy is his apparent insistence that he is not putting forward philosophical theses, or making any claim with which others could possibly disagree or which it is possible to dispute. It can be hard to see how this can be understood as anything other than an attempt by Wittgenstein to privilege his own conceptions of meaning or of psychological phenomena, or as a claim to the absolute and indisputable correctness of his observations on rules, understanding, sensations, the propositions of mathematics, and so on. The idea that Wittgenstein's later philosophy is in some way implicitly dogmatic has been encouraged by interpretations, such as the one developed in great detail by Peter Hacker and Gordon Baker in their commentary on the Philosophical Investigations, which hold that Wittgenstein does not put forward theses insofar as he is merely describing the rules for the use of expressions; his remarks are held to be indisputable insofar as anyone who understands the relevant expressions must agree to Wittgenstein's descriptions, and recognize that any deviation from them inevitably results in nonsense. On this conception of it, the kind of conceptual investigation that Wittgenstein is engaged in results in the articulation of the grammatical rules implicit in our use of expressions, and provides a base from which unanswerable criticisms of the use that philosophers make of the expressions of our language can be mounted. Wittgenstein's idea that his aim is to make philosophical problems 'completely disappear' is, on this interpretation, taken to be equivalent to an intention to show that they one and all depend upon a demonstrably deviant, and therefore nonsensical, employment of words.
Thursday, June 20, 2013
El Poema Más Bello del Mundo
Noam Chomsky on the Heroism of Bradley Manning
The linguistics professor, activist, and public intellectual on secret trade deals, killing polio workers, fighting for the commons in Turkey and terrorism
What do Takism Square, Google Glass, the Trans-Pacific Partnership and NSA data gathering have in common?
Chomsky always provides perspective, even when one is pretty well informed about the topics he addresses. The Magna Carta was about protecting The Commons. It was the origin of habeas corpus, - something the world's indigenous people are trying to teach us about.
What do Takism Square, Google Glass, the Trans-Pacific Partnership and NSA data gathering have in common?
Chomsky always provides perspective, even when one is pretty well informed about the topics he addresses. The Magna Carta was about protecting The Commons. It was the origin of habeas corpus, - something the world's indigenous people are trying to teach us about.
Monday, June 17, 2013
Sunday, June 16, 2013
Wednesday, June 12, 2013
El crecimiento como instrumento para reducir la pobreza
Tanto el crecimiento como los programas sociales son importantes en el esfuerzo por reducir la pobreza.
Si bien es verdad que la disminución de la pobreza brasileña no se ha debido únicamente a los programas sociales (desde el gobierno del presidente Cardoso Brasil realizó reformas de mercado que hicieron posible que se generase una riqueza para distribuir); también es certo que Brasil despliega un gasto asistencialista considerablemente mayor al peruano: 4% del PBI versus 0,5%, respectivamente. Y, sin embargo, el Perú viene reduciendo la pobreza a una velocidad mucho mayor que Brasil.
Brasil en los últimos diez años logró sacar al 8% de su población de la pobreza extrema. En el mismo período el Perú sacó al 27% de su población de dicha situación. Es decir: redujo la pobreza extrema en una proporción tres veces mayor que la brasileña, al tiempo gastaba un octavo que Brasil (en términos de porcentaje de su PBI) en programas sociales.
Si bien es verdad que la disminución de la pobreza brasileña no se ha debido únicamente a los programas sociales (desde el gobierno del presidente Cardoso Brasil realizó reformas de mercado que hicieron posible que se generase una riqueza para distribuir); también es certo que Brasil despliega un gasto asistencialista considerablemente mayor al peruano: 4% del PBI versus 0,5%, respectivamente. Y, sin embargo, el Perú viene reduciendo la pobreza a una velocidad mucho mayor que Brasil.
Brasil en los últimos diez años logró sacar al 8% de su población de la pobreza extrema. En el mismo período el Perú sacó al 27% de su población de dicha situación. Es decir: redujo la pobreza extrema en una proporción tres veces mayor que la brasileña, al tiempo gastaba un octavo que Brasil (en términos de porcentaje de su PBI) en programas sociales.
Tuesday, June 11, 2013
Wednesday, June 5, 2013
Al Perderte Yo A Ti - Ernesto Cardenal
Al perderte yo a ti tú y yo hemos perdido:
yo porque tú eras lo que yo más amabay tú porque yo era el que te amaba más.
Pero de nosotros dos tú pierdes más que yo:
porque yo podré amar a otras como te amaba a ti
pero a ti no te amarán como te amaba yo.
Tuesday, June 4, 2013
Monday, June 3, 2013
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