Cuatro exdirigentes que lideraron las grandes protestas de 2011, entre ellos Camila Vallejo, desembarcan en el Parlamento chileno
Friday, November 22, 2013
Naomi Klein: How science is telling us all to revolt
Global capitalism has made the depletion of resources so rapid, convenient and barrier-free that “earth-human systems” are becoming dangerously unstable in response.
There was one dynamic in the model, however, that offered some hope. Brad Werner -a geophysicist from the University of California, San Diego- termed it “resistance” – movements of “people or groups of people” who “adopt a certain set of dynamics that does not fit within the capitalist culture”. According to the abstract for his presentation, this includes “environmental direct action, resistance taken from outside the dominant culture, as in protests, blockades and sabotage by indigenous peoples, workers, anarchists and other activist groups”.
There was one dynamic in the model, however, that offered some hope. Brad Werner -a geophysicist from the University of California, San Diego- termed it “resistance” – movements of “people or groups of people” who “adopt a certain set of dynamics that does not fit within the capitalist culture”. According to the abstract for his presentation, this includes “environmental direct action, resistance taken from outside the dominant culture, as in protests, blockades and sabotage by indigenous peoples, workers, anarchists and other activist groups”.
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Wednesday, November 20, 2013
Sunday, November 17, 2013
Friday, November 15, 2013
Thinking as the activity of operating with signs
The nature of thinking
We wrongly interpret thinking as a medium.
This is a puzzlement caused by the mystifying use of our language.
This kind of mistake recurs again and again in philosophy.
We are tempted to think that things are hidden.
Yet nothing of the sort is the case.
It is not new facts about time which we want to know.
All the facts that concern us lie open before us. (p. 6)
Yet nothing of the sort is the case.
It is not new facts about time which we want to know.
All the facts that concern us lie open before us. (p. 6)
"It is misleading then to talk of thinking as a 'mental activity'.
We may say that thinking is essentially the activity of operating with signs.
This activity is performed by the hand, when we think by writing;
This activity is performed by the hand, when we think by writing;
by the mouth and larynx, when we think by speaking; and if we think by
imagining signs or pictures, I can give you no agent that thinks. If then
you say that in such cases the mind thinks, I would only draw your attention
to the fact that you are using a metaphor, that here the mind is an agent
in a different sense from that in which the hand can be said to be the agent
of writing". (p. 6-7)
"If again we talk about the locality where thinking takes place we have right to
say that this locality is the paper on which we write or the mouth which speaks.
And if we talk of the head or the brain as the locality of thought, this is using
the expression "locality of thinking" in a different sense." (p.7)
"We think with our mouth" or "we think with a pencil on a piece of paper". (p. 7)
"Perhaps the main reason why are we so strongly inclined to talk of the head as the
locality of our thoughts is this: the existence of the words "thinking" and "thoughts"
alongside of the words denoting (bodily) activities, such as writing, speaking, etc…."
"… thinking essentially consists in operating with signs." (p. 15)
It is misleading "if we say 'thinking is a mental activity' (p. 16),
Thinking is an activity of the hand. The mind does not think. The hand is the agent in
writing. The locality where thinking take place, the paper or the mouth. Wrongly we talk
of the head or the brain as the locality of thought. We think with our mouth (p. 43)
We think with a pencil or a piece of paper. Thinking is a bodily activity: writing, speaking
is something not nothing.
The word = its use
The idea of our visual field being located in our brain arouse from a grammatical
misunderstanding (p.9)
Thinking, hoping, wishing, believing not independent of thought, hope, wish (p. 41)
Thinking is not a private experience.
"Make the following experiment: say and mean a sentence, e.g.: "it will probably rain
tomorrow". Now think the same thought again, mean what you just meant, but without
saying anything (either aloud or to yourself). If thinking that it will rain tomorrow
accompanied saying that it will rain tomorrow, then just do the first activity and leave
out the second. -If thinking and speaking stood in the relation of the words and the melody
of a song, we could leave out the speaking and do the thinking as we can sing the tune
without the words." (p. 42)
It is imposible to think without saying anything.
Ludwig Wittgenstein. The Blue and Brown Books.
Harper & Row. New York. 1965 (based on the second edition published in 1960)
Ludwig Wittgenstein. The Blue and Brown Books.
Harper & Row. New York. 1965 (based on the second edition published in 1960)
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